The Debt Ceiling and Student Loans

The passage of the debt ceiling includes a $17 billion increase in spending for Pell grants and scholarships for low-income undergraduate college students and would protect cuts from the programs until 2013. Approximately 19 million students are eligible for the funds.

However, it would eliminate federally subsidized student loans for graduate and professional students (doctors, lawyers, dentists, etc.) which would affect approximately 6 million students seeking advanced degrees. It also eliminates usage of Pell grants for summer undergraduate programs.

The maximum amount of money a graduate student can borrow from the federal government is $20,500 a year, including $8,500 from subsidized loans. Currently students don't have to start paying interest on subsidized student loan loans until six months after graduation. During that time the government pays the interest.

The debt ceiling eliminates this and eliminates a credit on the origination loan fee provided to students who make 12 months of on-time payment. Students currently get half of the money paid for the origination loan fee which is 1% of the loan back. These changes go into effect beginning July 1, 2012. At that time graduate students would begin accruing interest on student loans while in school. Students have the option to pay on the interest while in school but don’t have to make payments until after graduation.

Student can use the Income Based Repayment (IBR) plan which does not require students to make payments on the federal loans until their incomes exceed 150% of the poverty line and payments are a percentage of the amount their incomes exceed this level. This protects students if their incomes are not enough to make the loan payments. The 2011 poverty line for one person is $10,830 except for Alaska and Hawaii where the poverty lines are slightly higher.

Under the new laws starting July 1, 2012, if a student with no children has an income of $30,000 per year and has monthly loan payments of $350, their $30,000 income exceeds 150% of the poverty line (($10,830 x 150% )+ $10, 830) = $27,075. The student would be required to pay no more than 10% of the amount their income exceeds the poverty line $2,925 ($30,000 - $27,075 x 10%) or $292.50. Currently the student has to pay no more than 15%.

Students who are voter age must voice their concerns with their congressman and during elections to preserve funding for undergraduate and graduate grant and scholarship programs.

The Government's Budget: The Debt Ceiling

What is a debt ceiling? The US debt ceiling is a cap that is set by Congress on the amount of debt the federal government can legally borrow. The cap applies to debt owed to the public or anyone who buys U.S. bonds in addition to debt owed to federal government trust funds such as those used for Social Security and Medicare.
Every day the federal government spends more money than it takes in and makes up the difference by borrowing money. As a result, every day, the government’s debt increases. This is why the government is considering raising the debt ceiling or the government will have to stop spending more than it takes in which requires balancing the budget. Balancing the budget will require reducing spending by approximately 40 – 44%, raising taxes or a combination of reducing spending and raising taxes.
If the debt ceiling is not increased the government has to pay more money to borrow money which adds up very quickly and could cost taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars. This can cause taxpayers to lose confidence in the government. If lenders lose confidence in the government that it can’t repay its debts, interest rates will start to increase.

The government generates money by selling debt through Treasury bonds which is the government's IOU. A taxpayer, a foreigner or a hedge fund manager purchases a Treasury bond (bill) and the government promises to pay the bond at a later date, paying the buyer back with a small amount of interest. As of January 2011, foreigners owned $4.45 trillion of the U.S. debt.

As long as Treasury bond buyers are confident that the government will repay them, they accept the lower interest rate of return. However, if bond buyers feel that the government will not be able to repay them, the market will demand a higher interest rate on the bonds which decreases the number of buyers who want to buy them. Taxpayer money is used to pay the bond interest rate so higher interest rates will result in higher taxes. A lack of confidence has already been seen in the stock market decreases over the past week as we approach the current debt ceiling.

If the interest rates on Treasury bonds increases this will have a domino effect and cause the interest rates of other products such as cars, student and mortgage loans and credit cards, business loans or lines of credit to increase. There could also be an increase in personal products such as electronics, clothes, food, household goods and company products and services. This will cause the value of the dollar to decrease causing an increase in costs to purchase foreign imports as well as gasoline for cars.

The less money that is approved for loans or credit will cause taxpayers and business owners to spend less and save more which will hurt the economy.

If Congress doesn't raise the debt ceiling, the government will reach the debt ceiling and max out its borrowing power which will prevent the government from paying its debt. This would affect Social Security, Medicare, military salaries, tax refunds, and unemployment insurance, government grants, and other funding.